Calvin Cycle

The Calvin Cycle, or also called dark reactions, is the second stage of photosynthesis. The Calvin Cycle is all about using the energy from all of those ATPs and NADPH that were created in stage 1 to produce something that is actually useful for the plant. The Calvin Cycle begins in the stroma. The first phase is called carbon fixation because it fixes a CO2 molecule into a RuBP with the help of an enzyme called rubisco. This product divides into two 3 phosphoglyceric molecules. 3 PGA molecules gets reduced to G3P. One G3P molecule will leave the cycle and be used to make glucose and other compounds since three carbon dioxide molecules had entered the cycle. RuBP are used to form the remaining molecules so the cycle can re-start again. ATP, ADP, NADP+, and phosphate groups are produced by the Calvin Cycle. The Calvin Cycle goes on every single leaf or plant that we see outside.